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Review of the Research Techniques of Attention Bias

Author(s)

Ruohan Zhang*

Affiliation(s)

School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China *Corresponding Author

Abstract

Attention bias refers to the preferential allocation of attentional resources toward salient stimuli such as threat-related or emotional cues. It is widely observed in emotional disorders, addictive behaviors, and various psychological conditions. To explore the mechanisms and neural underpinnings of attention bias, researchers have developed and applied a range of methodologies. This review systematically examines the major techniques currently used in attention bias research, including behavioral paradigms (e.g., dot-probe tasks, Stroop tasks), eye-tracking, electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERP), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and virtual reality (VR) technology. Through representative empirical studies, the paper summarizes the strengths and limitations of each method in terms of temporal and spatial resolution, ecological validity, applicability, and operational complexity. While current technologies have enabled more comprehensive assessments of attention bias at both behavioral and neural levels, limitations remain, such as low ecological validity in controlled environments and insufficient integration across modalities. Future research may benefit from the integration of high-resolution neuroimaging, physiological feedback, and multimodal analysis to improve the precision and real-world relevance of attention bias assessments. This review aims to provide methodological guidance for advancing theoretical understanding and developing intervention strategies targeting attention bias.

Keywords

Attention Bias; Eye Tracking; Event-Related Potentials; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

References

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