AEPH
Home > Occupation and Professional Education > Vol. 3 No. 5 (OPE 2026) >
Managing Generative AI Dependence in Vocational Education: An Institutional Governance Perspective
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62381/O262507
Author(s)
Gang Liu1,2,*, Yue Xiang1, Wei Zhang1
Affiliation(s)
1Chongqing Preschool Education College, Chongqing, China 2Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand *Corresponding Author
Abstract
Generative AI is finding its place in vocational education, not just for students seeking help accessing information, translating content from other languages, and organizing report structures, but in writing assignments as well. This presents a threat beyond plagiarism and shake-me-up-words, if vocational institutions have to decide what kind of error-ridden, messy assistance is appropriate, how to confirm mediated evidence,. how to sort out teacher assistance provided to students, and how to assure quality. Once again, the suggestions come down, more or less, to managed dependence, recommending that we take risks on two sides.
Keywords
Generative Artificial Intelligence; AI Dependence; Vocational Education; Institutional Governance; Assessment Credibility; Quality Assurance
References
[1]Abbas, M., Jam, F. A., & Khan, T. I. (2024). Is it harmful or helpful? Examining the causes and consequences of generative AI usage among university students. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21, Article 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-024-00444-7 [2]Al-Abdullatif, A. M. (2024). Modeling teachers” acceptance of generative artificial intelligence use in higher education: The role of AI literacy, intelligent TPACK, and perceived trust. Education Sciences, 14(11), Article 1209. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14111209 [3]Boud, D., & Falchikov, N. (2006). Aligning assessment with long-term learning. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 31(4), 399-413. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930600679050 [4]Cassidy, C. (2023, January 10). Australian universities to return to “pen and paper” exams after students caught using AI to write essays. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/jan/10/universities-to-return-to-pen-and-paper-exams-after-students-caught-using-ai-to-write-essays [5]Chan, C. K. Y., & Hu, W. (2023). Students” voices on generative AI: Perceptions, benefits, and challenges in higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20, Article 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00411-8 [6]D”Agostino, S. (2023, January 19). AI writing detection: A losing battle worth fighting. Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/tech-innovation/artificial-intelligence/2023/01/19/academics-work-detect-chatgpt-and-other-ai [7]de Fine Licht, K. (2024). Generative artificial intelligence in higher education: Why the banning approach to student use is sometimes morally justified. Philosophy & Technology, 37, Article 113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-024-00799-9 [8]Ferrara, E. (2024). Fairness and bias in artificial intelligence: A brief survey of sources, impacts, and mitigation strategies. Sci, 6(1), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/sci6010003 [9]Gecker, J. (2025, September 12). The rise of AI tools forces schools to reconsider what counts as cheating. AP News. https://apnews.com/article/ai-cheating-school-chatgpt-4f89a552e9093ce2180471b4d4736675 [10]Gruenhagen, J. H., Sinclair, P. M., Carroll, J.-A., Baker, P. R. A., Wilson, A., & Demant, D. (2024). The rapid rise of generative AI and its implications for academic integrity: Students” perceptions and use of chatbots for assistance with assessments. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, Article 100273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100273 [11]Hadinejad, N., Sperling, K., & McGrath, C. (2025). Generative AI chatbots in higher education: Student experiences and perceived ethical challenges. Computers and Education Open, 9, Article 100311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2025.100311 [12]Hu, A., Liu, Q., & Daniel, B. (2025). Digital technologies in authentic assessment in higher education: A systematic literature review and narrative synthesis. SAGE Open, 15(3), Article 21582440251357198. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251357198 [13]Ilieva, G., Yankova, T., Klisarova-Belcheva, S., Dimitrov, A., Bratkov, M., & Angelov, D. (2023). Effects of generative chatbots in higher education. Information, 14(9), Article 492. https://doi.org/10.3390/info14090492 [14]Kane, M. T. (2013). Validating the interpretations and uses of test scores. Journal of Educational Measurement, 50(1), 1-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/jedm.12000 [15]Luo, J. (2024). A critical review of GenAI policies in higher education assessment: A call to reconsider the originality of students” work. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 49(5), 651-664. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2024.2309963 [16]Malaysia Government. (2026, March 16). What is TVET? https://www.malaysia.gov.my/en/categories/school--education/tvet-program/what-is-tvet [17]Messick, S. (1989). Validity. In R. L. Linn (Ed.), Educational measurement (3rd ed., pp. 13-103). American Council on Education and Macmillan. [18]Miao, F., & Holmes, W. (2023). Guidance for generative AI in education and research. UNESCO. https://doi.org/10.54675/EWZM9535 [19]Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2023). Dasar Pendidikan Digital [Digital education policy]. https://www.moe.gov.my/dasarmenu/dasar-pendidikan-digital [20]Ministry of Education Singapore. (n.d.). Artificial intelligence in education. Retrieved June 14, 2026, from https://www.moe.gov.sg/education-in-sg/educational-technology-journey/edtech-masterplan/artificial-intelligence-in-education [21]Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Malaysia. (2023). Artificial Intelligence Roadmap 2021-2025. https://mastic.mosti.gov.my/publication/artificial-intelligence-roadmap-2021-2025/ [22]OECD. (2023). OECD Digital Education Outlook 2023: Towards an effective digital education ecosystem. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/c74f03de-en [23]OECD. (2026). OECD Digital Education Outlook 2026: Exploring effective uses of generative AI in education. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/062a7394-en [24]Perkins, M., Furze, L., Roe, J., & MacVaugh, J. (2024). The Artificial Intelligence Assessment Scale (AIAS): A framework for ethical integration of generative AI in educational assessment. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 21(06), Article 06. https://doi.org/10.53761/q3azde36 [25]The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council. (2020, October 13). Overall plan for deepening the reform of education evaluation in the new era. Ministry of Education of the People”s Republic of China. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xxgk/moe_1777/moe_1778/202010/t20201013_494381.html [26]Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
Copyright @ 2020-2035 Academic Education Publishing House All Rights Reserved